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Ansoff Matrix in Strategy Management

Introduction

The Ansoff Matrix, created by the American planning expert Igor Ansoff, is a strategic planning tool that links an organization's marketing strategy with its general strategic direction. It presents four alternative growth strategies in the form of a 2x2 table or matrix.

What is the Ansoff Matrix?

The Ansoff Matrix, also called the Product/Market Expansion Grid, is a tool used by firms to analyze and plan their strategies for growth. The matrix shows four strategies that can be used to help a firm grow and also analyzes the risk associated with each strategy

 

 Figure 1            Source: (Corporate finance Institute, 2015).

Understanding the Ansoff Matrix

The matrix was developed by applied mathematician and business manager, H. Igor Ansoff, and was published in the Harvard Business Review in 1957. The Ansoff Matrix has helped many marketers and executives better understand the risks inherent in growing their business.

The four strategies of the Ansoff Matrix are:

Market Penetration: This focuses on increasing sales of existing products to an existing market. The market penetration strategy can be executed in a number of ways:

Decreasing prices to attract new customers

Increasing promotion and distribution efforts

Acquiring a competitor in the same marketplace

For example, telecommunication companies all cater to the same market and employ a market penetration strategy by offering introductory prices and increasing their promotion and distribution efforts.

Product Development: Focuses on introducing new products to an existing market.

In a product development strategy, the firm develops a new product to cater to the existing market. The move typically involves extensive research and development and expansion of the company’s product range. The product development strategy is employed when firms have a strong understanding of their current market and are able to provide innovative solutions to meet the needs of the existing market.

This strategy, too, may be implemented in a number of ways:

1.         Investing in R&D to develop new products to cater to the existing market

2.         Acquiring a competitor’s product and merging resources to create a new product that better meets the                 need of the existing market

3.     Forming strategic partnerships with other firms to gain access to each partner’s distribution channels or brand

For example, automotive companies are creating electric cars to meet the changing needs of their existing market. Current market consumers in the automobile market are becoming more environmentally conscious.

Market Development: This strategy focuses on entering a new market using existing products.

In a market development strategy, the firm enters a new market with its existing product(s). In this context, expanding into new markets may mean expanding into new geographic regions, customer segments, etc. The market development strategy is most successful if (1) the firm owns proprietary technology that it can leverage into new markets, (2) potential consumers in the new market are profitable (i.e., they possess disposable income), and (3) consumer behavior in the new markets does not deviate too far from that of consumers in the existing markets.

The market development strategy may involve one of the following approaches:

1.         Catering to a different customer segment

2.         Entering into a new domestic market (expanding regionally)

3.         Entering into a foreign market (expanding internationally)

For example, sporting goods companies such as Nike and Adidas recently entered the Chinese market for expansion. The two firms are offering roughly the same products to a new demographic.

 

Diversification: Focuses on entering a new market with the introduction of new products.

Of the four strategies, market penetration is the least risky, while diversification is the riskiest.

In a diversification strategy, the firm enters a new market with a new product. Although such a strategy is the riskiest, as both market and product development are required, the risk can be mitigated somewhat through related diversification. Also, the diversification strategy may offer the greatest potential for increased revenues, as it opens up an entirely new revenue stream for the company – accesses consumer spending dollars in a market that the company did not previously have any access to.

There are two types of diversification a firm can employ:

1. Related diversification: There are potential synergies to be realized between the existing

business and the new product/market.

For example, a leather shoe producer that starts a line of leather wallets or accessories is pursuing a related diversification strategy.

2. Unrelated diversification: There are no potential synergies to be realized between the existing business and the new product/market.

For example, a leather shoe producer that starts manufacturing phones is pursuing an unrelated diversification strategy.

Conclusion

The Ansoff Matrix enables firms to generate different growth options ranging from market penetration to diversification. Firms must consolidate their current market positions before embarking on various growth strategic options.

References

Corporate finance Institute, 2015. CFI. [Online]

Available at: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/strategy/ansoff-matrix/

[Accessed 7 July 2020].

 

 

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